What is chaptalization?

Chaptalization refers specifically to the process of adding sugar to grape must (the freshly crushed grape juice that includes the skins, seeds, and stems) before fermentation in order to increase the potential alcohol content of the resulting wine. This technique is particularly useful in cooler climates where grapes may not achieve full ripeness and, consequently, may have insufficient sugar levels for desired alcohol production. By adding sugar, winemakers can boost the alcohol content to achieve a more balanced and full-bodied wine.

This process is regulated in many wine-producing regions, and its usage can depend on local laws and grape conditions. Understanding chaptalization is important for recognizing how winemakers can influence the characteristics of the wine, particularly in areas where climatic conditions may hinder the natural ripening of grapes.